Elbow pain isn’t always about sports injuries. It can come from everyday movements like typing, lifting, or even resting your arm too long in one position. What feels like a minor ache might actually point to inflammation, nerve pressure, or joint damage.
This article breaks down six possible sources of elbow pain. You’ll learn how to recognize each one by its symptoms and when it might be time to see a doctor.
1. Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow, also called lateral epicondylitis, is a common reason for pain on the outside of the elbow. It happens when the tendons in your forearm are overworked, usually due to repeated hand or wrist movements. This overuse causes tiny tears in the tendon, leading to soreness and reduced grip strength.
Common Causes
- Repetitive arm motions (e.g., typing, painting, or using tools)
- Racquet sports like tennis or squash
- Jobs that require lifting or twisting the forearm
2. Golfer’s Elbow
While tennis elbow affects the outside, golfer’s elbow strikes the inside of your elbow. It’s caused by strained muscles and tendons involved in wrist and finger movement. The pain may also radiate down your forearm.
Signs to Watch
- Pain or burning on the inner elbow
- Stiffness or weak grip
- Discomfort when making a fist or lifting something
3. Bursitis
The bursa is a small sac filled with fluid that cushions your joints. When it becomes inflamed, it’s called olecranon bursitis. This often happens from leaning on your elbows too much, injuring the joint, or infection.
What Makes It Different
- Visible swelling at the back of the elbow
- Tenderness or warmth to the touch
- Limited motion or mild ache that worsens with pressure
4. Elbow Arthritis
Arthritis in the elbow isn’t as common as in knees or hips, but it can still occur. It’s usually due to aging, past injuries, or autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. This condition causes stiffness, swelling, and pain that can affect your daily range of motion.
Two Main Types
- Osteoarthritis: Caused by gradual cartilage breakdown over time
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: The body’s immune system attacks joint tissues
These forms of arthritis can lead to grinding sensations, locking joints, or difficulty fully extending the arm.
5. Nerve Compression
Nerve issues around the elbow can lead to sharp, tingling pain. One of the most common is cubital tunnel syndrome, where the ulnar nerve (which runs along the inner elbow) gets compressed. This condition can mimic golfer’s elbow but often includes numbness.
Symptoms to Look For
- Tingling in the ring and little fingers
- Hand weakness or clumsiness
- Pain that worsens when the elbow stays bent for long
6. Fractures or Sprains
If your elbow pain started after a fall, impact, or sudden twist, a fracture or sprain might be to blame. These injuries can cause immediate swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the arm. Even a small crack in the bone or a stretched ligament can cause lasting discomfort if not treated correctly.
How It Presents
- Sharp, sudden pain after injury
- Visible deformity or swelling
- Limited ability to bend or straighten the arm
When Should You See a Doctor?
Some elbow issues resolve with rest and home care, but ongoing or severe symptoms should be checked by a professional. If you notice numbness, swelling that doesn’t go down, or pain that affects daily tasks, it’s best to get an accurate diagnosis. Early treatment can prevent long-term problems.
Conclusion
Elbow pain can come from daily habits, sports, injury, or conditions like arthritis. Understanding the source of discomfort is the first step in finding relief.
If pain persists or interferes with daily tasks, we recommend you consult a medical professional to get the right diagnosis and treatment plan. Early attention helps avoid long-term damage and supports a quicker return to pain-free motion.